History of Carnatic Music

IMPORTANT MILESTONES
 

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TIME PERIOD IMPORTANT CREATIONS IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES NOTES

> 1000 BC

  • Sama Veda

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  • Chants to Vedic hymns
500 - 1000 BC
  • Parivrajaka Upanishad 
  • Early Tamil school
  • Narada
  • Equivalent of Swara system defined
2nd century AD
  • Natya Sastra
  • Silappadikaram
  • Bharata 
  • Ilango Adigal
  • Treatise on Dance and music (references to Tala, musical modes & forms)

  • References to Tamil music concepts
5th century AD
  • Brihaddesi
  • Matanga
  • Early compilation of Ragas, then known as Jaatis
7th century AD
  • Kudimiyanmalai inscriptions (stone) in Pudukottai district, Tamilnadu

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  • Musical notations (Probably the first)
7th - 9th century AD
  • Tevaram
  • Tirumurai
  • Divyaprabandha
  • Appar
  • Sundaramurti
  • Tirugnanasambandar
  • Manikkavachakar
  • Other Nayanmars & Azhwars
  • Sacred Tamil music forms
  • Pann concept
12th century AD
  • Gita Govinda

  • Sangeeta Makaranda

  • Panditaradhya Charita

  • Sangeeta Sudhakara

 

  • Jayadeva

  • Narada

  • Palkuriki Somanatha

  • Haripaladeva

  • Classification of Gamakas
  • Various srutis identified
1210 - 1247 AD
  • Sangeeta Ratnakara
  • Sarngadeva
  • Desi system of music was explained in detail.

  • The 22-sruti concept was born.

  • Distinction between Marga and Desi given.
12th, 13th & 14th century AD

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  • Gradual emergence of Tanjavur and Vijayanagar as seats of music.

  • Muslim invasion of North India.

  • Development of Hindustani music.
14th century AD
  • Raga Tarangini

  • Sangeeta Sara

 

  • Lochana Kavi

  • Vidyaranya (1320 - 1380 AD)

 

  • Development of the concept of Raga alapana. 
15th century AD
  • Tiruppugazh
  • Arunagirinathar

  • Purandaradasa (1484 - 1564)

  • Annamacharya (1424 - 1503)

  • Kanakadasa

 

  • Introduction and structuraing of basic music lessons.

  • Evolution of kriti, pada formats

  • Growth of Namasankeertana and Bhajana Paddhati (group rendition of devotional music).

1550 AD
  • Swaramela Kalanidhi
  • Ramamatya
  • Explanation of the word Mela, Vina techniques and other musical concepts.
1609 AD
  • Raga Vibodha

  • Somanatha

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1660 AD
  • Sangeeta Parijata
  • Ahobala

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17th century AD (approximately)
  • Chaturdandi Prakasika
  • Venkatamakhi
  • Evolution of modern music theory.
  • Development of 72-mela system.
17th century AD
  • Anupa Sangeeta Vilasa
  • Bhavabhatta Shahoji, Maharaja of Tanjavur (1684 - 1710)
  • Patronage of music and composers.
17th - 18th century AD
  • Sangraha Choodamani
  • Govindacharya
  • Development of musical forms like Varnams.
  • Musical treatise with the 72-melakarta scheme along with names written.
18th century AD

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  • Trinity of Carnatic music - Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri
  • Other Tamil composers like Gopalakrishna Bharati
  • Regarded as the Golden era of Carnatic music.
19th century AD

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  • Composers like Subbaraya Sastri, Swati Tirunal, Tachi Singaracharlu, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Patnam Subramanya Iyer, Vina Seshanna and Subbarama Dikshitar
  • Carnatic music became richer with more compositions.
1895 - 1950 AD
  • Sangeeta Sampradaya Pradarsini
  • Composers like Papanasam Sivan, Koteeswara Iyer, Mysore Vasudevachar, Muthaiah Bhagavatar 
  • Muthuswami Dikshitar's compositions with notations published through the Sampradaya Pradarsini.
  • Concepts like Gamakas etc explained in the same.
  • Emergence of Sabhas.
  • Golden era for Carnatic concert scene.
  • Emergence of institutional education for music.
  • Development of mass media like radio and recording companies.
  • Influx of patriotic songs in the wake of the Indian freedom movement.
  • Carnatic music came to be adopted in film music.
20th century AD

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  • Technological developments as a result of the electronic and computer age.
  • Adoption of western instruments like Guitar, Mandolin, Keyboard etc in the concert scene.
  • Arrival of TV, cassettes, CDs, CD-ROMs, VCDs etc.
  • Growth and globalisation of professional music. 

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